03 SEAFDEC/IFRDMD External Publications

High genetic diversity in anguillid glass eels across three Southeast Asian countries revealed through mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences, with notes on population structure

2024-10-10T02:14:43Z

High genetic diversity in anguillid glass eels across three Southeast Asian countries revealed through mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences, with notes on population structure Marini, Melfa; Pedrosa-Gerasmio, Ivane R.; Santos, Mudjekeewis D.; Romana-Eguia, Maria Rowena R.; Nguyen, Binh Thanh; Shibuno, Takuro Understanding the genetic diversity and population structure of anguillid eels is crucial for effective management. In this study, we used the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop marker to identify anguillid glass eels and assessed their genetic diversity across six sampling sites spanning three Southeast Asian countries. We also examined the population structures of Anguilla marmorata and A. celebesensis. We validated nine distinct species and subspecies of anguillid eels from 465 specimens collected in Indonesia (n = 246), the Philippines (n = 119), and Vietnam (n = 100). High gene diversities were observed across the species, ranging from 0.979 (A. celebesensis) to 1.000 (A. bicolor bicolor, A. marmorata, and A. interioris). Correspondingly, nucleotide diversity values were relatively low, varying from 0.036 (A. marmorata) to 0.057 (A. interioris). A. marmorata (n = 162) displayed a broad distribution, being observed across all six sites, with a significant yet low average fixation index of 0.05755. Pairwise comparisons of FST values between Cimandiri and other locations (except for Cagayan) were relatively high and statistically significant (p < 0.01), indicating significant genetic differentiation of Cimandiri samples compared to most locations in this study. On the other hand, A. celebesensis (n = 110), exhibited a non-significant and low fixation index (0.007), indicating no genetic differentiation in samples from Poso and Poigar Rivers, Indonesia. Our findings highlight the essential need for coordinated management strategies among regions that share common stocks. Additionally, this study underscores the efficacy of the mtDNA D-loop in precisely identifying glass eel species/subspecies and elucidating the genetic diversity and population structure of tropical anguillid eels.

Pengelolaan perikanan perairan darat di Indonesia

2023-08-10T08:39:37Z

Pengelolaan perikanan perairan darat di Indonesia Ramadian, Afzil; Muthmainnah, Dina Kata perairan mengacu pada badan air yang dapat ditemukan di lokasi tertentu, yang dapat bergerak, seperti sungai dan laut, atau diam, seperti danau. Perairan ini dapat memiliki komposisi yang berbeda, seperti air tawar, air payau, atau air asin, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa ada perairan tawar, perairan payau dan perairan laut. Di Indonesia, perairan darat (inland waters) didefinisikan oleh Saanin pada tahun 1960, sebagai perairan yang berada di atas daratan, mulai dari batas air laut surut terendah sampai ke daerah pedalaman/pegunungan. Dari definisi tersebut perairan darat meliputi sebagian perairan pantai, perairan payau dan perairan tawar. Kemudian pada tahun 1999, Sarnita dkk menggunakan istilah “perairan daratan pedalaman” sebagai terjemahan dari istilah “inland waters” yang digunakan oleh FAO dalam “FAO Technical Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries No.6. Inland Fisheries”.

Learning the lessons from the integrated small-scale inland fisheries business in Kampong Patin Village, Indonesia

2023-06-23T08:44:38Z

Learning the lessons from the integrated small-scale inland fisheries business in Kampong Patin Village, Indonesia Muthmainnah, Dina; Fahmi, Zulkarnaen; Supriyadi, Freddy; Rais, Aroef Hukmanan; Sawestri, Sevi; Prianto, Eko Inland fisheries are not often a priority in national and regional governance, being undervalued and overlooked, although it is recognized as important to food security, livelihoods, and human well-being. In inland waters, fishing is an important occupation for many rural people and plays a major role in social and economic development (Muthmainnah & Prisantoso, 2016). Inland fishery is also known as “subsistence fishing” or “family fishing.” The community who lives surrounding the waterbody perceives that inland fishery resource is common property and open to all at any time of the year. Since it is worked by individuals with traditional fishing gear and small boats, it is called small-scale fishery. Small-scale fisheries in inland waters are carried out in a wide diversity of ecosystems, namely: lakes, rivers, reservoirs, ponds, and wetlands (DFID, 2002), as well as in rice fields during the rainy season. However, inland fisheries are strongly impacted by other users of water and land resources, such as agriculture, transportation, and home industries. The management of inland fisheries requires an ecosystem approach and the engagement of relevant stakeholders. The priority focus of inland fishery management is sustainability to ensure that short-term actions do not jeopardize the options for future generations to benefit from the full range of goods and services provided by freshwater inland water ecosystems. SEAFDEC Inland Fishery Resources Development and Management Department (IFRDMD) is currently implementing the project “Management Scheme of Inland Fisheries in the Southeast Asian Region” with support from the Japan Trust Fund VI Phase 2. Under the Project, SEAFDEC/IFRDMD assessed the inland fisheries activities in Kampong Patin, XIII Koto Kampar District, Kampar Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia during 2020 to 2022 to obtain data and information on the potential of inland fisheries that would improve the livelihoods of local fishers.

Implementing sound policies and regulations for the sustainability of eel fisheries in Southeast Asia

2023-06-23T08:44:55Z

Implementing sound policies and regulations for the sustainability of eel fisheries in Southeast Asia Muthmainnah, Dina; Suryati, Ni Komang; Fahmi, Zulkarnaen; Ruchimat, Toni; Ame, Evelyn C.; Soe, Myint Than; Thruong, Giang Pham The rapid population decline of temperate eels and the listing of some anguillid eel species, i.e. Anguilla anguilla and A. japonica in the CITES Appendices, have led to the increase in the market value of tropical eels during the recent years. European, American, and Japanese eels are seriously threatened with extinction due to high consumption, and demand is still increasing. After the stocks and recruitment collapse in the present target eel species and areas, it has to seek other targets for replacement and compensation to continue eel consumption (Arai, 2015). Since 2009, CITES for international trade listed the European eel in Appendix II due to their decreasing population and potential extinction. In East Asia, the large consumption of the Japonica eel has led to a rapid decline in the number of glass eels. Moreover, the demand for tropical anguillid eels in Southeast Asia has increased, not only for domestic consumption but also mainly for export to East Asian countries. Since the Japanese eels and European eels are under the control of the IUCN, the development of sustainable anguillid eel fisheries could be an excellent prospect to increase the source of income of small-scale fishers in Southeast Asia. SEAFDEC conducted the studies to obtain a better understanding of the status, biology, and life cycle of eel stocks and promote sustainable management and utilization of anguillid eel fishery resources in the region. To better understand the stock status, biology, and life cycle of eel stocks and promote sustainable management and utilization of anguillid eel fisheries resources in the region, SEAFDEC carried out two projects, namely: “Development of Stock Assessment Methods and Strengthening of Resources Management Measures for Tropical Anguillid Eel in Southeast Asia” in 2020–2022 and “Sustainable Utilization of Anguillid Eels in the Southeast Asia Region” in 2020–2024. The former Project was implemented by the SEAFDEC Secretariat in collaboration with IFRDMD with funding support from the Japan-ASEAN Integration Fund (JAIF) with the aims to collect catch data and biological/ecological information for the estimation of eel resources stocks and develop methods for estimating tropical anguillid eel resources. While the latter Project was implemented by IFRDMD with funding support from Japan Trust Fund VI (JTF) Phase 2 with the aim of keeping the sustainable management and utilization of anguillid eel fisheries resources in the Southeast Asian region through the strategic program of sustainable eel resources management. The anguillid eels are common in several ASEAN Member States (AMSs), namely: Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam. This article presents the capture fishery practices for anguillid eels in the AMSs and the national fishery management programs and regulations implemented by the respective countries to sustain the utilization of eel resources in the region.